Coxsackievirus
| Morphology |
Icosahedral, non-enveloped, linear single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses of the
Picornaviridaefamily and Enterovirus genus.
|
|---|---|
| Disease |
Coxsackievirus group A associated conditions: hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, acute lymphatic or nodular pharyngitis, aseptic meningitis, paralysis, exanthema, pneumonitis of infants, "common cold", hepatitis, infantile diarrhea, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Coxsackievirus group B associated conditions: diabetes, pleurodynia, aseptic meningitis, paralysis, severe systemic infection in infants, meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, upper respiratory illness and pneumonia, rash, hepatitis, and pancreatitis. |
| Zoonosis |
None.
|
| Host Range |
Human, monkey, mouse.
|
|---|---|
| Modes of Transmission |
contact with infective secretions or excretions, and subsequent autoinoculation of
mouth, nose, or eyes. Intranasal and aerosol transmission are possible for some variants.
|
| Signs and Symptoms |
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: characterized by fever and vesicles on the mouth and
extremities, sore throat, fever, and anorexia. Aseptic meningitis/meningoencephalitis:
causes nonbacterial inflammation of the meninges associated with fever, headache,
photophobia.
|
| Infectious Dose | Unknown; however, 15-50 TCID50 has been shown to be infective in adult volunteers. |
| Incubation Period |
Varies from days (eg. hand-foot-and-mouth disease) to years (eg. Myocarditis).
|
| Prophylaxis | None. |
|---|---|
| Vaccines | None. |
| Treatment |
No antiviral medications are currently approved.
|
| Surveillance | Monitor for symptoms. |
| MSU Requirements | Report any exposures |
| Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs) | Responsible for 39 reported cases up to 2006.
|
|---|---|
| Sources |
Throat swabs, rectal swabs, stool samples, aseptic meningitis cerebrospinal fluids,
cultures, frozen stocks, other samples described in IBC protocol.
|
|
BMBL:
|
https://www.cdc.gov/labs/BMBL.html |
|---|---|
|
Canada PSDS:
|
|
|
CDC:
|
|
|
NIH Guidelines:
|
|
Risk Group 2
|
Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available. |
|---|---|
|
BSL2
|
For all procedures involving suspected or known infectious specimen or cultures.
|
|
ABSL2
|
For all procedures involving infected animals
|
|
Small
|
Notify others working in the lab. Remove PPE and don new PPE. Cover area of the spill
with absorbent material and add fresh 1:10 bleach:water. Allow 20 munutes (or as directed)
of contact time. After 20 minutes, cleanup and dispose of materials.
|
|---|---|
|
Large
|
|
|
Mucous membrane
|
Flush eyes, mouth, or nose for 5 minutes at eyewash station.
|
|---|---|
|
Other Exposures
|
Wash area with soap and water for 5 minutes.
|
| Reporting |
Immediately report incident to supervisor, complete a First Report of Injury form, and submit to Safety and Risk Management.
|
|
Medical Follow-up
|
During business hours: Bridger Occupational Health 3406 Laramie Drive. Weekdays 8am -6pm. Weekends 9am-5pm
After business hours: Bozeman Deaconess Hospital Emergency Room 915 Highland Blvd Bozeman, MT |
| Disinfection |
formaldehyde, gluteraldehyde, strong acids, sodium hypochlorite (bleach), and free
residual chlorine
|
|---|---|
| Inactivation |
Inactivated by moist heat (60 minutes at 121oC), dry heat (1 hour at 160-170oC), UV.
|
| Survival Outside Host |
Can survive for months under favourable conditions of neutral pH, moisture, and low
temperature; enhanced by presence of organic matter.
|
|
Minimum PPE Requirements
|
Lab coat, disposable gloves, safety glasses, closed toed shoes, long pants
|
|---|---|
|
Additional Precautions
|
Additioanl PPE may be required depending on lab specific SOPs and IBC Protocol. |