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Characteristics
Morphology
Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that adhere to HEp-2 cells in an aggregative pattern, characterized by a "stacked-brick" or "honeycomb" formation.
Disease

Diarrhea, often persistent and watery.
Zoonosis
None.
Health Hazards
Host Range
Humans and some animal species.
Modes of Transmission
Fecal-oral route.
Signs and Symptoms 
Abdominal cramping, pain or tenderness, watery diarrhea sometimes with mucus, fever, vomiting.
Infectious Dose Unknown, possibly as low as 100 organisms.
Incubation Period 
Generally 8-48 hours.
Medical Precautions/Treatment
Prophylaxis Good hygiene and safe food handling.
Vaccines None.
Treatment
Rest, hydration, and in some cases, antibiotics like ciprofloxacin or azithromycin.
Surveillance Monitor for symptoms.
MSU Requirements Report any exposures
Laboratory Hazards
Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs)
Rare, but yes.
 Sources
Feces, cultures, frozen stocks, other samples described in IBC protocol.
Supplemental References
BMBL:
 https://www.cdc.gov/labs/BMBL.html
CDC:
NIH Guidelines:
Risk Group & Containment Requirements
Risk Group 2

Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available.
BSL2
For all procedures involving suspected or known infectious specimen or cultures.
ABSL2
For all procedures involving infected animals
Spill Procedures
Small
Notify others working in the lab. Remove PPE and don new PPE. Cover area of the spill with absorbent material and add fresh 1:10 bleach:water. Allow 20 munutes (or as directed) of contact time. After 20 minutes, cleanup and dispose of materials.
Large
  • Immediately notify all personnel in the lab and clear all personnel from the area. Remove any contaminated PPE/clothing and leave the lab. 
  • Secure the area by locking doors, posting signage and guarding the area to keep people out of the space. 
For assistance, contact MSU's Biosafety Officer (406-994-6733) or Safety and Risk Management (406-994-2711).
Exposure Procedures
Mucous membrane
Flush eyes, mouth, or nose for 5 minutes at eyewash station.
Other Exposures
Wash area with soap and water for 5 minutes.
Reporting
Immediately report incident to supervisor, complete a First Report of Injury form, and submit to Safety and Risk Management.
Medical Follow-up
During business hours: Bridger Occupational Health 3406 Laramie Drive. Weekdays 8am -6pm.  Weekends 9am-5pm
After business hours: Bozeman Deaconess Hospital Emergency Room 915 Highland Blvd Bozeman, MT
Viability
Disinfection
Susceptible to 1:10 bleach:water
Inactivation
Inactivated by moist heat (60 minutes at 121oC) and dry heat (1 hour at 160-170oC)
Survival Outside Host
Several days in soil or water, and for shorter durations on dry surfaces.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Minimum PPE Requirements
Lab coat, disposable gloves, safety glasses, closed toed shoes, long pants
Additional Precautions
 Additioanl PPE may be required depending on lab specific SOPs and IBC Protocol.